by Danna Henderson

There are seven stages of potty training. They begin with showing signs of potty training readiness and conclude with being able to use the toilet away from home.

Signs of Readiness – The first stage of potty training begins when your child shows the following signs of potty training readiness:

• Expresses an interest in using the potty
• Irritated when diapers are wet
• Pull pants up and down by him or her self
• Stays dry for about two hours at a time
• Expresses the need to go potty (or indicate that he/she just has)
• Expresses an interest in cotton underwear
• Has predictable bowel movements
• Tries to imitate other family members

Introduction to the Idea of Potty Training – When your child shows a majority of the signs of potty training readiness, it’s time to introduce him to the concept of using the potty. This can be done by reading a potty training book as a bedtime story or watching a potty training video or DVD together. Purchase a potty chair> and let your child watch you use the potty. Children will often imitate family members.

Sit On the Potty – When your child has been introduced to the concept of potty training, he will probably imitate family member and sit on his potty chair while you use the bathroom. This is a good time to teach good hygiene such as wiping and washing hands after using the potty.

Use the Potty Sometimes – Be sure to give your child plenty of liquids and take him to the potty every 30 minutes. This will help build muscle memory. The VibraLite Watch can make potty training reminders fun for your child. The first time your child uses the potty, make a big deal of his huge accomplishment. A hug, encouraging words, or a small treat can be good motivational tools.

Use the Potty Alone – As your child gets more comfortable with the potty and his ability to control his bodily functions, he will go to the potty by himself. He will then come tell you about it. Again, this is a time for lots of praise and encouragement.

Transition to the Toilet – When your child is comfortable using his potty seat, it’s time to transition him to the toilet. Many children are afraid of falling in, so you may need to purchase a toilet seat adapter such as the Flip-N-Flush. This device reduces the size of the toilet hole, thereby making you child feel more secure.

Use Potty Away From Home – The last stage of potty training occurs when your child is able to use the potty away from home. Thankfully, there are many portable and disposable toilet seats available to keep your child from touching public toilet seats.

Some children breeze through the seven stages of potty training in a matter of weeks while other’s take several months. Your child’s progress depends on his or her stage of development, your potty training knowledge/actions, as well as the potty training products you have available.

Copyright © 2004 ZIP Baby. All Rights Reserved.

Danna Henderson
ZIP Baby
101 Convention Center Drive, Ste 700
Las Vegas, NV 89109
www.zipbaby.com

About the Author
Danna Henderson started ZIP Baby in order to provide parents with comprehensive potty training information as well as a large variety of potty training products. For more information about potty training, visit the ZIP Baby Potty Training Store.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that babies be breast-fed for at least 12 months and thereafter for as long as mutually desired. The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is infant formula iron fortified and solid foods can be introduced gradually when the baby is 6 months old, but a baby should drink breast milk or formula, not regular cow’s milk, for a full year.

“There aren’t any rules about when to stop breast-feeding,” says Ruth Lawrence, M.D., professor of pediatrics and obstetrics at the University of Rochester School of Medicine in Rochester, N.Y., and spokeswoman for the academy. “As long as the baby is eating age-appropriate solid foods, a mother may nurse a couple of years if she wishes. A baby needs breast milk for the first year of life, and then as long as desired after that.” Formula, however, should not be continued after the first birthday. That’s the time to introduce milk. For all babies the milk, however, should be whole milk. Low-fat and skim milk do not have enough fat and calories to supply the nutritional needs of a 1-year-old, explains John Udall, chief of nutrition and gastroenterology at Children’s Hospital of New Orleans. At that age, “the child is growing so quickly, and the fat is so important for brain and central nervous system development,” he says. “The recommendation that our daily intake of fat should compose less than 30 percent of our caloric intake does not apply to children under 2 years of age.”

New on the market are special toddler formulas that claim to be better than milk. The formulas are good nutritionally, says Udall, but they’re not necessary. “A well-balanced diet with milk and juices would be just as good in a healthy, normally active, normally growing child,” says Udall.

William Klish, former chairman of the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition, says that if a child needs to take a vitamin supplement, the toddler formula, fortified with a full range of vitamins and minerals, including iron, can serve that purpose. In addition, the toddler formulas don’t need refrigeration, making them a convenient choice for snacks away from home.

–I.S.

About this Article:
Provided by FDA.

By Elizabeth Catalanotto

After exclusively breastfeeding your baby for months, becoming a pumping mom can be a challenging transition. Not only do you have to adjust to using the pump and fitting it into your daily schedule but you also have a whole list of decisions to make like what pump to use and how you’ll store the milk.

When it comes to using a pump for the first time, it can be a bit intimidating. However, if you take the time to plan and prepare you’ll be a pumping pro in no time.

There are two basic types of breast pumps available. Manual pumps that you control yourself and electric pumps that are run by small motors. If you’re apprehensive about using a pump, I suggest that you start with a small step and try a manual pump. Once you adjust to the pump and the idea of pumping it might be easier for you to begin using a professional grade electric pump.

The key to a successful transition from baby to pump is to give yourself time. Regardless of which type of pump you choose to use, your body will need time to adjust because it will not feel the same as your baby. Don’t be alarmed if you are only able to pump a small amount at first. Eventually, you will learn how to pump more effectively and will be able to express more during each session. By starting to use your pump early, you will also have the chance to build a backup supply of milk to store in your freezer.

When you’re adjusting to your pump, it can be helpful to pump on one side while nursing on the other. This will allow you to adjust the pump’s speed and suction close to your baby’s nursing pattern and it can help you develop a mental association between nursing and pumping.

Once you begin pumping, set a schedule and stick to it to ensure that you are able to keep your supply up and collect enough milk for all your baby’s feedings. When setting a schedule remember that it is better to pump more often than to pump for longer periods. Some moms pump every 3 hours while others prefer to pump according to their baby’s regular feeding schedule.

The goal of pumping is to recreate the experience of nursing your baby, so try to make each pumping session as relaxing and enjoyable as possible. Don’t feel that you have to multi-task while pumping. Take this time in your day to relax, think about your baby and enjoy a healthy snack. Remember that pumping is not simply a task that you must complete; it is an act of love that will give your child nutrition for the best start in life.

About the Author:
Elizabeth Catalanotto, a pumping/nursing mom to her 1-year-old daughter, promotes the benefits of breastfeeding and pumping at Breast Pumps Direct, an online store that offers quality breast pumps and accessories at discounted prices.

One of the hardest stepping stones for a mother and her baby is moving on from the bottle to only a sippy cup. It is hard to know when the “right” time is to make this change, however most experts say the earlier the better. As a child approaches their second and even third birthday, they have formed an attachment to the nipple that gets harder to break, and is based more on comfort than getting nutrition.

Chances are, if you introduce the sippy cup to your baby with anything but juice, or another sweet drink in it, he will not be in a hurry to drink from it. Nipples are much easier for the baby to get formula or breast milk from, than a sippy cup. Most pediatricians will tell you NOT to give the baby sweet drinks in a sippy as a way to get them to drink from it because it can lead to the baby ONLY wanting to drink juice from that sippy cup, making the switch to formula or breast milk that much harder.

One way to break your baby from their bottle is gradually. Cutting down the number of bottles you give during the day and only offering sippies. This works well for some mothers, if you have the patience and time to do it. Most will start by cutting out a bottle at a time for a week, normally starting with the morning bottle and offering just a sippy cup. Every few days or week cut out one more feeding till you only offer a bottle before nap and bedtime as a way to help their baby relax and fall asleep. Eventually cut out that nap time bottle, teaching your baby to fall asleep without the comfort of the bottle, hopefully making it easier to remove the bedtime bottle as well. Some mothers believe this it he kinder, easier way to wean from the nipple to the sippy cup.

The other way to break your baby’s habit is cold turkey. Cold turkey however requires a lot of patience and willpower on the part of the mother. When my daughter was 9 months old I decided to wean her off the bottle cold turkey. At that point she had no interest in the sippy cup. To avoid confusion I took away the pacifier at the same time.

If you are going to wean your baby cold turkey, you have to be prepared. Stock up on your baby’s favorite food and snacks. However, don’t be surprised if your baby doesn’t want them at first. Have a sippy of formula or milk waiting for your baby and available to your baby at all times throughout the day. Offer him the sippy, and food, but do not give in when he cries for the bottle. Don’t be surprised if the first and even if through the second day your baby refuses the sippy cup and all most of the food you are offering him. Remember, if your baby gets hungry enough he will eat. At this point it is a battle of wills between you and your baby. The first day will probably be very hard for both of you. There will be a lot of crying and screaming from your baby. By the end of the day you will be exhausted if not screaming to yourself as well.

The second day will go about the same, hopefully by the evening though your baby will have started to give in a bit and be willing to drink some from the sippy, and eat the other foods you offer. By the time the third day comes to a close, the worst is over and your baby has probably completely given in. The sippy is as welcome to them the morning of the forth day, as a bottle would have been, and they are back to eating and drinking as normal. This cold turkey method works well for most, if the mother has the willpower to stick to it.

There is no “right” way to wean your baby off of the bottle. It is best to make the decision based on your family and on their needs, planning appropriately ahead of time.